Chapter 8 Self Quiz Summary

  Kinship
  1. Many colonial animals exhibit (altruistic) behavior, such as giving alarm calls, as a consequence of selection.
     
     
  2. Kinship also plays a role in preventing behavior.
     
     
  3. Kin selection can be explained by fitness: an individual can proliferate its by producing its own offspring, or offspring of close relatives.
     
     
  4. The selective advantage of altruism can be quantified by measuring:
     
     
    • the to the recipient (b)
       
       
    • the to the altruist (c)
       
       
    • the of relatedness (r)
     
     
  5. Natural selection favors altruism when rb > c ( rule); this can be estimated by counting offspring.
     
     
  6. fitness can be a model for understanding behaviors associated with family dynamics.
       
       
    • breeding is correlated with genetic relatedness.
       
       
    • Family can occur when reproductive opportunities materialize elsewhere.
       
       
    • Families that control high-quality resources may become in which the resource is transmitted, sometimes by territory , over successive generations.
       
       
    • Step-parents invest less in their stepchildren than in their children.
     
     
  7. Parent-offspring conflict can also occur, as in weaning situations.
     
     
  8. rivalry can be intense, especially when are scarce; a major factor in sib-sib competition is order.
     
     
  9. Kin may be based on an "internal template" using visual or chemical cues.
     
     
  10. Some species simply accept individuals in their as kin, though this strategy can be broken by parasites such as cuckoos.
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